The Economist explains

What are MANPADS, the portable missiles bringing down Russian aircraft?

Britain is supplying Ukraine with its latest generation of STARStreak missiles

Mandatory Credit: Photo by London News Pictures/Shutterstock (1707995b)A gunner of 16 Regiment Royal Artillery mans a Starstreak High Velocity Missile System (HVM) at BlackheathMissiles on Blackheath for Olympics Security Test, London, Britain - 03 May 2012Two members of 16 Regiment Royal Artillery man a Starstreak High Velocity Missile System (HVM) at Blackheath in London today (03/05/12). The missiles have been deployed as part of an exercise involving the RAF, British Army and Royal Navy taking place across London as part of security preparations for the 2012 London Olympic Games

MAN-PORTABLE AIR DEFENCE SYSTEMS (MANPADS) are playing an unexpectedly important role in the war in Ukraine. These shoulder-fired missiles, typified by the American Stinger, are only effective against low-flying aircraft and at a range of a few kilometres. But they have scored a number of kills and are severely impeding Russian air operations. Now Ukrainian forces are getting an upgrade, in the form of the latest STARStreak missiles supplied by Britain. Why are MANPADS crucial to Ukraine’s defence, and what difference might the new missiles make?

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